Significance of the storm scene in King Lear



          King Lear is not only a simple tragedy; it is also a touching tale of a haughty man's journey from darkness to light or enlightenment through suffering, when darkness stands for ignorance and inhumanity, and light stands for self-knowledge and humanity. And this spiritual journey commences as he faces the external tempest pointing to the inward restlessness. His spiritual regeneration begins not until his suffering have reached a climax in the storm, when he is driven insane,

Othello as a tragedy of intrigues



Othello is most painfully exciting and the most terrible of all Shakespearean tragedies. It begins with external conflict, but the conflicts soon internalized and get a peep into the suffering soul of the tragic hero. His intense suffering grows more and more intense right from the temptation scene up to the very end where

Measure for Measure as a Dark Comedy



Measure for Measure” is considered as a dark comedy of Shakespeare. It is full of corruption, bitterness and cynicism. A dark comedy is pervaded by a gloom. It is still a play with a happy ending; and it contains also several comic scenes and interludes; but the comic elements in such a play are pushed into the background by

Chaucer’s art of characterization



In the universe of English poetry, Chaucer flourishes the fantastic colors of his words and paints different characters of his age with minute observation. Indeed, he is a great painter who paints not with colors but with words. Undoubtedly, he has: The Seeing Eye, the retentive memory, the judgment to select and the ability to expound. His keen analysis of the minutest detail of his characters, their dresses,

Chaucer’s humour and irony



Geoffrey Chaucer is one of the first English short story-teller and the greatest humorists in English literature. In “The Prologue toe the Canterbury Tales”, humour is all-pervasive. Humour in the Prologue appears chiefly in the shape of irony and satire, though we do have some examples of pure humour which means

Theory of Life Force as embodied in Man and Superman



Man and Superman is perhaps the most notable play of George Bernard Shaw. Here he represents is philosophy of creative evolution. In metaphysical speculation Shaw may be neither original nor great but he has abundant skill in presenting difficult ideas of love, marriage sex and romance etc dramatically. Among the variety of

Symbolic significance of Pozzo-Lucky in Waiting for Godot



The Puzzo-Lucky pair plays a very significant role in portraying Beckett's world-view in Waiting for Godot. The dominant theme of this play is waiting, boredom, ignorance, and impotence. The Pozzo-Lucky relationship does not seem to have any basic or integral connection with this dominant theme. In fact, the connection between the two pairs of characters is not very close or intimate. Even if the Pozzo-Lucky episodes were removed from the play,

Picture of American family in Death of a Salesman



Death of a Salesman puts a light on American family life. It focuses on the dream, hope, failure and frustration of the American family. The play mainly depicts two families- the Loman family and the Charley family. Arthur Miller presents an everyday case of a man destroying himself for learning and for family. For this, the society is liable. Willy Loman is undoubtedly a victim of the romantic

Dramatic technique or art in Death of a Salesman



Arthur Miller was a great American dramatist of his times obviously a political minded and socially conscious dramatist. Dream technique, the technique of blending, the matter of past and present are nicely found in Miller’s Death of a Salesman. Miller’s drama provides us with a beautiful social picture of contemporary America. Conflict between individual and

Look Back in Anger as a revolt against all that is conventional

Look Back in Anger is basically a problem play of considerable psychological insight. It represents the mood and temperament of the post-war generation, their disillusionment, frustration and rebelliousness. Jimmy Porter becomes the mouth piece of the entire generation of post-war youth in condemning the society,

Philosophic ideas expressed in the Hell-scene in Man and Superman



George Bernard Shaw's Man and Superman is the first masterpiece of the 20th century English Literature. It established a noticeable break with the Victorian traditions of thinking and literary practice. The Hell Scene is the most significant part of the drama where Shaw has expressed his philosophical outlook with utmost sincerity. Man and Superman is often presented on the stage without the Hell Scene, but it reduces the mark of the play into an ordinary comedy. The whole act is

Worship in Brave New World

Aldous Huxley's Brave New World is an epoch-making novel in the people of the World State worship 'Ford' instead of 'God'. The World State society has replaced "God" with "Ford". The worshipping of "Ford" instead of "God" in the society is very significant in this novel. There are many reasons behind the worshiping of "Ford" instead of "God" in the society in Brave New World. Why the people worship

Scaffold or Pillory scene in The Scarlet Letter

The scaffold scenes in “The Scarlet Letter” are very dramatic and significant from the point of view of the plot development. There are three such scenes, and they come at the beginning, middle and end of the story. These scenes highlight the tension between the principal characters of the novel. These scenes also force of the story. The scarlet letter “A” dominates

Neo-classicism and Marxism in Literature and Society

Neo-classicism was the dominant literary movement in English during the 17th and 18th century. This movement sought to revive the artistic ideals of classical Greece and Rome. The notable characteristics of Neo-classical literature are emotional restraint, order, logic, technical precision, balance, elegance of diction, clarity, dignity and decorum. Marixist literature is

Nausea combines phenomenology and existentialism

         Nausea is a novel by the existentialist philosopher Jean Paul Sartre. This novel fictionalizes Sartrean brand of existentialism. It represents a world without god or meaning. It discovers the meaninglessness of existence through an enquiry into the perceptual understanding of the universe. In Nausea, we see Antoine Roquentin confronting his existence in its pre-categorized,

F.R. Leavis as a literary critic



Frank Raymond Leavis was an influential British literary critic of the 20th century English Literature. He was influenced by T.S. Eliot to a great extent. Leavis possessed a very clear idea of literary criticism and he was well known for his predecessors and

Character of Hester Prynne in The Scarlet Letter



Hawthorne's art of characterization in “The Scarlet Letter” has a touch of finish and liveliness. In this book, his characters are living people and they impress upon us very convincingly as human beings. Hawthorne's art of characterization is surprisingly markedly realism. Hester Prynne is the heroine of the novel “The Scarlet Letter”. Hester is presented to us ambiguously. When the story begins,

Character of Antoine Roquentin in Nausea



       Jean-Paul Sartre's philosophical novel Nausea is an influential text of the existential movement that emerged in France. In this novel, the main character is Antoine Roquentin, a historian who has retired to a small village called Bouville. Roquentin keeps himself engaged in a phenomenological study of his existence and

Brave New World as a Science Fiction



Aldous Huxley is one of the greatest literary figures of the modern age in English literature. He is also considered to be one of the pioneers of the derivational novel known as science fiction. William Wilson used the term 'Science fiction' for the very first time in literature in 1851. According to William Wilson,

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