gwngvq C`yj wdZi
`xN© GKgvm
wmqvg mvabvi ci gymwjg wgjv‡Zi
gv‡S Lywki evZ©v wb‡q nvwRi nq ÒC`yj wdZiÓ ev †ivRv fv½vi C`| ivm~jyjvn (mvt) h‡Zvw`b g°v-‡gvqv¾vgvq wQ‡jb,
Z‡Zvw`b C‡`i bvgvR gymjgvb‡`i Ici Av‡ivwcZ nqwb| g°vq `xN© 13wU eQi AZ¨š—
`ytL-K‡ói †fZi w`‡q AwZevwnZ Kivi ci wZwb Avjvn cv‡Ki gwR© †gvZv‡eK gw`bvq wnRiZ
K‡ib| gw`bvq wnRiZ Kivq gymjgvb‡`i Ici C‡`i bvgvR Avewk¨K Kiv nq| †Kgb K‡i GB
Avewk¨KZvi myÎcvZ n‡qwQ‡jv Zvi GKwU my›`i BwZnvm Av‡Q|
G cÖm‡½
nhiZ Avbvm (ivt) hLb g`xbvq wnRiZ Ki‡jb, ZLb wZwb †`L‡Z †c‡jb †h, g`xbvi
Awaevmxiv mg‡eZfv‡e `yÕwU RvZxq Drme cvjb Ki‡Q| Avi GB Dcj‡¶¨ Zviv †Lj-Zvgvkvi
Avb›` Abyôvb D`hvcb Ki‡Q| wcqviv bex (mvt) Zv‡`i‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, †Zvgv‡`i GB Avb›`
Drm‡ei Zvrch© I ‡gŠwjKZ¡ wK ? Zviv DËi Kij, Bmjv‡gi c~‡e© Rvwnwjqv‡Zi hy‡M GB
`yÕwU w`‡bi Drme Avgiv nvwm-Zvgvkv I Avb›`-Drm‡ei gva¨‡g cvjb KiZvg| GL‡bv
ch©š— ZvB P‡j Avm‡Q| G K_v ï‡b ivm~jyjvn (mvt) Bikv` Ki‡jb, Ôgnvb AvjjvncvK GB `yÕwU w`‡bi Drm‡ei cwie‡Z© G †_‡K
DËg `yÕwU w`b C`yj wdZi I C`yj Avhnv `vb K‡i‡Qb|
myZivs
†Zvgiv c~‡e©i Drme eÜ K‡i GB `yÕw`‡bi wba©vwiZ Abyôvbvw` cvjb Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ Ki|
(mybv‡b Avey `vD`, gymbv‡` Avngv`)|
GB nv`x‡mi
Av‡jv‡K Avgiv wbgœwjwLZ welqvejxi mÜvb Aek¨B jvf Ki‡Z cvwi|
K. C‡`i A_© I gg© t Aviwe
ÔC`Õ kãwU Avb›` I Drme A‡_© e¨eüZ nq| Avj KziAv‡b ÔC`Õ kãwU Avb›`-Drme A‡_©
e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| Abyiƒcfv‡e nvw`‡mi Av‡jv‡KI Rvbv hvq †h, C` k‡ãi e¨envi Avb›`-Drme
A‡_©B n‡q _v‡K| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Aviwe fvlvwe` e‡j‡Qb, ÔC`Õ kãwUi A_© wd‡i Avmv,
cÖZ¨veZ©b Kiv| Avi G Rb¨B C`yj wdZi I C`yj Avhnv cÖwZ eQi gymwjg wgjv‡Zi mvg‡b wd‡i Av‡m|
L. Bmjvgx
ZvnRxe-ZvgvÏyb I mvs¯‹…wZK Drm‡ei cÖPjb t RvwnwjqvZ ev AÜKvi hy‡Mi mvs¯‹…wZK
Abyôvb wQj cvcc~Y© I wbQK †Lj-Zvgvkv gvÎ| G mKj Drme Bmjvgx cwi‡e‡k KL‡bv Pj‡Z
cv‡i bv ev Pj‡Z †`qv hvq bv| eis Bmjv‡gi Avb›`-Drme n‡Z n‡e cvcgy³ I KjylZv
ewR©Z| G Rb¨ gnvb AvjvncvK gymjgvb‡`i
Ggb `yÕwU Drme Dcnvi w`‡q‡Qb, hv‡Z i‡q‡Q Avjvni mš—ywó I †iRvgw›` Ges wbg©jZvi dêyaviv| Avi
G Rb¨B RvwnwjqvZ hy‡Mi `yÕwU Drme Ôbx‡ivR I gvnviRvbÕ †K wZ‡ivwnZ K‡i Avjvni mš—ywó cÖm~Z `yÕwU
Drme‡K wewae× Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z K‡i Bmjv‡gi mwZ¨Kvi iƒc I cÖK…wZ weKwkZ n‡q D‡V‡Q|
M. `yÕwU C‡`i Zvrch© t
gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ wewae× `yÕwU C‡`i Drme ÔC`yj wdZiÕ I ÔC`yj AvhnvÕ bv‡g L¨vZ|
C`yj wdZi GKvav‡i GKwU gvm GKwbôfv‡e †ivRv cvjb I K…”Q mva‡bi ci Gi Aemv‡bi
Avb›` Drme| Avi C`yj Avhnv n‡”Q cweÎ nR¡ Av`vq Kivi ci Avjvni D‡Ï‡k¨ cï Kzievwb Kivi Abyôvb|
†ivRv I nR¡ cvjbKvix‡`i mvwe©K Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ Ges wek¦ gymwj‡gi GKvZ¥Zv cÖKv‡k G
`yÕwU Drme cvwjZ nq| G Rb¨ GUv Aš—tmvik~b¨ I A_©nxb Avb›`-Drme bq, eis Bev`Z
wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z I Aby‡gvw`Z|
N. wek¦v‡mi cÖwZdjb t c„w_exi
mKj RvwZiB Avb›`-Drme cvj‡bi cÖeYZv Av‡Q| Zviv Zv‡`i wek¦vm, AvKx`v, a¨vb-aviYv
Abycv‡ZB †m mKj Drm‡e AskMÖnY K‡i| wKš—y gymjgvb‡`i C` Drme Avjvncv‡Ki wb‡`©k
ev¯—evq‡bi g~Z© weKvk| G‡Z bvdigvbx, †k‡iKx I †jvK †`Lv‡bv g‡bve„wËi mvgvb¨Zg
AeKvkI ‡bB| G‡Z i‡q‡Q Avjvni
Ici cwic~Y© wek¦v‡mi ev¯—e Kg©cš’v| GB Kg©cš’v‡K AbymiY K‡iB GKRb
gymjgvb Avjvncv‡Ki KzieZ I ˆbKU¨ jv‡f
ab¨ nq|
‡ivRv Bmjvg
a‡g©i Ab¨Zg ¯—¤¢| igRvb gvm gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ ingZ, eiKZ I †Mvbvn gvR©bvi ïf msev`
enb K‡i| ivm~jyjvn (mvt) Bikv`
K‡i‡Qb, Ô†n †jvK mKj ! GK gnvcweÎ I eiK‡Zi gvm †Zvgv‡`i Ici Qvqv we¯—vi K‡i‡Q|
GB gv‡mi GKwU ivZ eiKZ I dwRj‡Zi w`K †_‡K nvRvi gvm A‡c¶v DËg| GB gv‡mi †ivRv
AvjvncvK diR K‡i‡Qb
Ges Gi ivZ¸‡jv‡Z Avjvni mvg‡b `Êvqgvb
nIqv‡K bdj Bev`Ziƒ‡c wbw`©ó K‡i‡Qb| †h e¨w³ GB iv‡Z Avjvni mš—ywó AR©‡bi j‡¶¨ diR bq Ggb Bev`Z
Ki‡e, AvjvncvK Zv‡K Ab¨vb¨ mg‡qi
diR Bev`‡Zi mgZzj¨ ‡bK `vb Ki‡eb| Avi †h e¨w³ GB gv‡m diR Bev`Z
Av`vq Ki‡e †m Ab¨vb¨ mg‡qi 70wU diR Bev`‡Zi mgvb mIqve jvf Ki‡e|
GB gvm
ˆah©, mei I wZwZ¶vi gvm| Avi ˆa‡h©i d‡j Avjvncv‡Ki KvQ †_‡K RvbœvZ jvf Kiv hv‡e| GUv ci¯úi
†mŠRb¨ I ü`¨Zv cÖ`k©‡bi gvm| GB gv‡m gywg‡bi wiwRK cÖk¯— K‡i †`qv nq| GB gv‡m
†h e¨w³ †Kv‡bv ‡ivRv`vi‡K BdZvi Kiv‡e, Gi e‡`Šj‡Z Zvi †Mvbvn gvd K‡i †`qv n‡e
Ges Rvnvbœvg †_‡K Zv‡K wb¯‹…wZ `vb Kiv n‡e| Avi Zv‡K Avmj ‡ivRv`v‡ii mgvb mIqve
†`qv n‡e| wKš—y Gi Rb¨ Avmj ‡ivRv`v‡ii mIqve we›`ygvÎI Kg Kiv n‡e bv|
(evqKvnx)|
†ivRv fv½vi
ci C‡` gymwjg wgjvZ C‡`i
bvgv‡R AskMÖnY I Avb›`-Drme cvj‡bB ïay AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡i bv| eis Zviv †ivRvi wdZiv
Av`vq K‡i `y¯’ I `wi`ªRb‡`i gv‡S Avb‡›`i fveaviv dzwU‡q †Zvjvi j‡¶¨I KvR K‡i| G
cÖm‡½ ivm~jyjvn (mvt)
ev‡j‡Qb,Ô ‡Zvgiv †ivRvi wdZiv GK mvÕ cwigvY he gymjgvb mgv‡Ri cÖ‡Z¨K ¯^vaxb,
gy³ e¨w³ A_ev `vm cyi“l wKsev ¯¿x‡jvK‡`i c¶ †_‡K Av`vq Ki| (Avey `vD`, gymbv‡`
Avngv`)
wdZiv
cwigvY A_© ev e¯—y-m¤ú`‡K hviv hvKvZ†c‡Z cv‡i Ggb Mixe †jvK‡`i‡K we‡kl c×wZ‡Z
`vb Kiv nq| wnRi‡Zi wØZxq eQ‡i C`yj wdZ‡ii `yÕw`b c~‡e© gymwjg mgv‡R GB wdZiv me©cÖ_g
eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e avh© I cÖPjb Kiv nq| eva¨Zvg~jK hvKvZ diR nIqvi c~‡e©B wdZiv
IqvwRe nq|
m`Kv‡q wdZi
gymjgvb gv‡ÎiB Av`vq Kiv KZ©e¨| Ab¨ GK nv`x‡m Gi cwigvb m¤ú‡K© Aa© mvÕ Mg Ges
GK mvÕ h‡ei wKsev GK mvÕ †LRy‡ii K_vI D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q| wdZivi D‡Ï‡k¨ I j¶¨ m¤ú‡K© nhiZ
Be‡b AveŸvm (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, wZwb e‡j‡Qb, ivm~jyjvn (mvt) m`Kv‡q wdZi †ivRv`vi‡K
AevÃbxq I wbj©¾Zvg~jK K_vevZ©v ev KvRK‡g©i gwjbZv †_‡K cweÎ Kivi Ges
Mixe-wgmKxb‡`i (C‡`i w`‡bi) Rb¨ n‡jI DËg Lv‡`¨i e¨e¯’v Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ Aek¨
Av`vq‡hvM¨ e‡j †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| †h †jvK C‡`i bvgv‡Ri ci Av`vq Ki‡e Zv Zvi mvaviY
`vbiƒ‡c MY¨ n‡e| (Avey `vD`, Be‡b gvRvn)|
GB nvw`‡m
m`Kv‡q wdZi-Gi Ava¨vwZ¥K, ˆbwZK, mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK Kj¨v‡Yi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|
K) wdZivi
ˆbwZK I Ava¨vwZ¥K Kj¨vY GB †h, wdZiv Av`vqKvix kixq‡Zi †Ljvd †Kvb Kv‡R AskMÖnY
K‡i bv Ges A‡_©i AcPqI K‡i bv| hw` †ivRvi nvj‡Z KL‡bv AbvKvw•LZfv‡e kixqZ
we‡ivax †Kv‡bv KvR K‡i †d‡j wKsev †Kvb Akxj K_v e‡j †d‡j wKsev †Kv‡bv cvc KvR
m¤úbœ n‡q hvq, Zvn‡j AvjvncvK
GB m`Kvi e‡`Šj‡Z D³ Aciva gvc K‡i †`‡eb|
L) Avi
wdZivi A_©‰bwZK Kj¨vY GB †h, m`Kv‡q wdZi-Gi gva¨‡g Mixe, wgmKxb I `y¯’‡`i gv‡S
Avw_©K m”QjZv `v‡bi e¨e¯’v nq Ges Zviv ¯^í mg‡qi Rb¨ n‡jI A_©‰bwZK ‰`‡b¨i nvZ
†_‡K wb‡R‡`i‡K wegy³ e‡j g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i| GgbwK C‡`i w`‡bi wegwjb nvwm Zv‡`i
gyLgÊj I Aš—i‡K cyjwKZ K‡i †Zv‡j|
G cÖm‡½
Aek¨B g‡b ivLv `iKvi †h, m`Kv‡q wdZi Av`vq Kivi mwVK mgq n‡”Q, C‡`i bvgv‡Ri c~‡e©B
Av`vq Kiv| GB Av`vq‡K gy¯—vnve, AwZ DËg I cQ›`bxq ch©v‡qi e‡j a‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Z‡e
‡KD hw` C‡`i w`b m~h©v‡¯—i c~‡e© C‡`i bvgv‡Ri ciI m`Kv‡q wdZi Av`vq K‡i Zvn‡jI
Zv Av`vq n‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b Ki‡Z n‡e| nhiZ Be‡b Igi †_‡K ewY©Z GKwU nvw`‡m mvnvex‡`i
Avgj m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q t ag©Áv‡b AwfÁ e¨w³iv †ivRvi wdZiv C‡`i w`b m~‡h©v`‡qi ci
bvgv‡R hvIqvi c~‡e© Av`vq K‡i †`qvB cQ›` Ki‡Zb I fv‡jvevm‡Zb|
ivm~jyjvn (mvt) m`Kv‡q wdZi m¤ú‡K© wb‡`©k
cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb †h, Ô‡Zvgiv Av`vq KiÕ| GB Av`vq Ki K_vi Øviv diR cÖgvwYZ nq bv,
eis IqvwRe cÖgvwYZ nq| †Kbbv Av`vq Kiv K_vwU ‡KZqx `wjj A_©vr AKvU¨ `wjj bq|
Avm‡j GUv Rbœx `wjj| Rbœx `wjj Øviv diR mve¨¯— nq bv|
nvw`m kwi‡d m`Kv‡q wdZi
IqvwRe nIqvi Rb¨ gymjgvb nIqv Qvov ¯^vaxb I gy³ nIqvi K_vI ejv n‡q‡Q| Gi D‡Ïk¨
n‡”Q GB †h, gvbyl ¯^vaxb n‡j Zvi Bmjvg cvjb I gvwjKvbv MÖn‡Yi AwaKvi h_vh_fv‡e
cÖwZwôZ nq| µxZ`vm‡`i †_‡K hv Kíbv Kiv hvq bv| G Kvi‡Y gy³ e¨w³i m`Kv‡q wdZi
`vb Avjvncv‡Ki
mš—ywói KviY nq|
m`Kv‡q wdZi IqvwRe nIqvi Rb¨ m”QjZv I Hk¦h©kxjZvi e¨vcviUvI kZ©fy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
mnxn eyLvix I gymbv‡` Avngv‡` ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, evn¨Z m”QjZv I Hk¦h©kxjZv Qvov
m`Kv IqvwRe nq bv| wKš—y Bgvg kv‡dqx (int) GB m”QjZvi Ae¯’v‡K Gfv‡e we‡klY K‡i‡Qb †h, †h e¨w³ C‡`i w`b Zvi
wb‡Ri I cwievie‡M©i †mB w`‡bi Lv`¨ cwigv‡Yi †P‡q AwaK m¤ú‡`i gvwjK n‡e Zvi IciI
m`Kv‡q wdZi IqvwRe n‡e|
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